Sources & review

Source register

The full source register

• The Qur'an

  القرآن الكريم

  Qur'an

  Cited only where a verse is directly and uncontroversially connected to the passage.

• The Qur'an, Surah at-Tawbah

  سورة التوبة

  Qur'an · Qur'an 9:40

  The verse describing the two in the cave during the Hijrah, traditionally understood as referring to the Prophet ﷺ and Abu Bakr.

• Sahih al-Bukhari

  صحيح البخاري

  Hadith collection · Muhammad ibn Isma'il al-Bukhari

  Cited at the level of the collection. Several passages here rest on well-known reports it contains — the Hijrah and the cave, the freeing of Bilal, the day the Prophet ﷺ died, the gathering of the Qur'an. No hadith number is given: the audit could not open the collection directly to confirm one, and an unverified number would imply a precision we do not have.

• Sahih Muslim

  صحيح مسلم

  Hadith collection · Muslim ibn al-Hajjaj

  Cited at the level of the collection, for well-known reports including the giving of the banner at Khaybar. No hadith number is given: the audit could not open the collection directly to confirm one.

• Jami' at-Tirmidhi

  جامع الترمذي

  Hadith collection · Muhammad ibn 'Isa at-Tirmidhi

  Cited at the level of the collection, for the report of Abu Bakr and Umar bringing their wealth. No hadith number is given, for the same reason as above.

• As-Sirah an-Nabawiyyah

  السيرة النبوية

  Classical biography · Ibn Hisham, from the recension of Ibn Ishaq

  The earliest surviving continuous biography of the Prophet ﷺ.

• Kitab at-Tabaqat al-Kabir

  الطبقات الكبرى

  Classical biography · Ibn Sa'd

  An early biographical dictionary of the Companions and later generations.

• Tarikh ar-Rusul wa'l-Muluk

  تاريخ الرسل والملوك

  Classical history · Muhammad ibn Jarir at-Tabari

  A large early history. At-Tabari frequently records several differing reports of the same event without deciding between them.

• Al-Isabah fi Tamyiz as-Sahabah

  الإصابة في تمييز الصحابة

  Classical biography · Ibn Hajar al-'Asqalani

  A comprehensive later reference work on the Companions.

• Siyar A'lam an-Nubala

  سير أعلام النبلاء

  Classical biography · Shams ad-Din adh-Dhahabi

  Biographical notices with adh-Dhahabi's assessments of the reports.

• Companions of the Prophet

  Modern biography · Abdul Wahid Hamid

  A modern retelling of the Companions' lives for general readers, in two volumes. Cited at the level of the work, like every other entry here. It carries no footnotes or bibliography of its own. By the project owner's decision of 17 August 2026 it may be cited as a source in its own right, not only as corroboration. Two things follow and are worth keeping in view: a claim resting on it alone cannot be traced any further by a reviewer, and it still cannot settle a point the classical sources disagree about — where they differ, the variance is recorded rather than resolved by preferring the retelling.

• SahabaMate editorial summary

  Editorial summary

  Plain-English framing written for this app. Editorial wording is ours; the underlying material comes from the works listed above and still needs review.